The novel, due to its polyphonic nature and rational framework, is the most effective literary form for portraying real life. Since no nation’s reality can be entirely detached from its cultural past, social events often lead to the reinterpretation and rewriting of myths within novels. Furthermore, the question “Who am I?” remains one of the fundamental existential inquiries of humanity and a central theme in modern and postmodern thought, drawing the attention of scholars in the humanities and social sciences. This study examines the mythological semantics in Persian novels, particularly in Persian Tragicomedy and The Lament of the Maghan. These novels provide novel and diverse readings of myths, utilizing them as a means to reconnect with a glorious past and strengthen the motivations for reconstructing national identity. Employing an intertextual approach and content analysis, this research highlights symbolism as a fundamental component of making meaning. Considering the intrinsic relationship between mythology and novels, alongside the significance of culture and national identity, the authors of these works emphasize the fragility and erosion of Iranian national identity. They reflect on the lost ideals of a nation persistently entangled in animosity and betrayal. Through depictions of the demise of heroes and virtuous figures, they evoke themes of injustice and human catastrophe across various historical periods.