Classic literary texts, such as Kalila and Demnah, are not only of literary significance but also serve as valuable repositories of past thought and culture. Analyzing the vocabulary within these texts is crucial for a precise understanding of their embedded cultural and social concepts. This article investigates and analyzes the words "E'teraf" (اعتراف) and "Eghrar" (اقرار) in Kalila and Demnah, employing synchronic semantics and componential analysis. The research began with examining the lexical meanings of these terms in Arabic and Persian dictionaries. Subsequently, a synchronic analysis of these words' usage within the book was conducted to extract their distinct semantic components across various contexts. Findings from componential analysis indicate that in Kalila and Demnah, "Eteraf" is characterized by semantic components of [-prior awareness], [+gaining awareness], [+internal], [+belief change], and [+emotional charge]. Conversely, "Eghrar" exhibits components of [+prior awareness], [+formality], [+legal responsibility], and [-emotional charge]. It was concluded that in Kalila and Demnah, the words "Eteraf" and "Eghrar” are deliberately and precisely utilized by the author to convey a specific and carefully crafted message. The author's skillful employment of these words highlights the subtle yet significant semantic distinctions that exist between them. This demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of language and a meticulous attention to detail, further enriching the literary and cultural significance of Kalila and Demnah.