نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
According to Lakoff and Johnson, the personification of an object or an abstract concept is the most basic type of ontological metaphor, enabling audiences to gain clearer understanding of inanimate entities and abstract ideas. Mystic poets have employed personification to help readers grasp and evaluate abstract notions such as the nafs ammārah bi’l-sūʾ (the soul that incites to evil). This study examines the personification of this type of soul in Hadiqat al-Haqiqah and Masnavi-ye Maʿnavi, based on Lakoff and Johnson’s framework using library research. The findings show that personification of the nafs ammārah bi’l-sūʾ in the selected works occurs across four domains: ethical-behavioral traits, historical-mythical figures, physical characteristics, and social status and relations. Sanāʾī primarily attributes negative moral and behavioral qualities of human beings to the nafs ammārah bi’l-sūʾ, depicting it as a sinister, slanderous, diseased, irreligious, mean, and contemptible human-like figure, against which the reader’s proper response is awareness and severance of ties. In Masnavi, most instances of personification likewise appear in the domain of negative moral-behavioral traits. From the perspective of physical features and gender, Rūmī emphasizes ugliness, defectiveness, illness, and a feminized portrayal of this soul. Unlike Sanāʾī, Rūmī pays little attention to the social roles attributed to the nafs ammārah bi’l-sūʾ, but he presents an even more repulsive and detested image of this type of soul through references to negative historical and mythical character.
کلیدواژهها English
